The Connection between Our Immune System & Aging

Our immune system is similar to an engine. As we age, our parts start to slow down and show wear and tear. The body no longer runs as smoothly or as robust as it used to, making it harder to fight off infections. Growing old makes it more difficult to recover from strenuous activity or bounce back from illness. A recent article in the US News & World Report likens it to an older smart phone not holding its charge as well as it once did. 

Experts explain the immune system is made up of two parts referred to as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Our innate immune system is the body’s faster response to pathogens and relies on physical barriers like the skin or mucous membranes, and special cells that digest germs and/or destroy infected cells. Our adaptive immune system is responsible for a slower, more specific defense against pathogens using antibody B cells to destroy the pathogens; or T cells to coordinate and kill infected cells. 

Dr. Austin Perlmutter, a Seattle-based, board-certified internal medicine physician explains aging brings about many changes. He states, “The most prominent of them is the development of what is called ‘immunosenescence’, a progressive state of worsening of the overall immune system function.” Not only do the elderly have fewer immune cells but the ones they have are fairly worn out. This means seniors are more likely to have chronic inflammation as well as a weaker response to infections; and unfortunately, the protections vaccines offer.  

Experts say while aging inevitably affects our immune system, we can do things to support and strengthen it throughout our lives such as getting routine vaccinations and following a healthy lifestyle. Managing chronic conditions additionally helps reduce the risk of severe infections and help us recover quicker. 

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Source: health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/how-aging-can-affect-your-immune-system